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| | [[Category:Huben on Nozick]] | | [[Category:Huben on Nozick]] |
| | {{DES | des = Like most of Nozick's arguments in [[Anarchy, State and Utopia]], the strength of the Entitlement Theory of Justice is illusory. It suffers critically from a lack of foundations and vulnerability to simple counterexamples.}} | | {{DES | des = Like most of Nozick's arguments in [[Anarchy, State and Utopia]], the strength of the Entitlement Theory of Justice is illusory. It suffers critically from a lack of foundations and vulnerability to simple counterexamples.}} |
| − | {{Under Construction}}
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| | Nozick's "Anarchy, State, and Utopia" was very influential, in part because | | Nozick's "Anarchy, State, and Utopia" was very influential, in part because |
| | of the novelty and creativity of the arguments. One of the most striking | | of the novelty and creativity of the arguments. One of the most striking |
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| | == Missing Justice in Externalities == | | == Missing Justice in Externalities == |
| − | Nozick's justice in transfer presumes that the transfer is entirely voluntary, | + | Nozick's entitlement theory only presumes that there are no externalities from the two steps, |
| − | ie. there are no unjust side effects. Levee building, conspicuous protective | + | ie. there are no side effects that involuntarily affect other people. Any acquisitions or transfers or use that cause prices to arise or change involuntarily affect other people, and thus may be unjust. Use of property can create injustice. Levee building, conspicuous protective |
| | services, etc. all divert hazard to others. The whole legal principle of | | services, etc. all divert hazard to others. The whole legal principle of |
| | attractive nuisance is based on this. | | attractive nuisance is based on this. |
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| | + | <!-- DPL has problems with categories that have a single quote in them. Use these explicit workarounds. --> |
| | + | <!-- normally, we would use {{Links}} and {{Quotes}} |
| | + | {{List|The Entitlement Theory of Justice|links=true}} |
| | + | {{Quotations|The Entitlement Theory of Justice|quotes=true}} |
| | Old Notes: | | Old Notes: |
| | <pre> | | <pre> |
| − | Nozick's "Whatever arises from a just situation by just steps is in itself
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| − | just" can fail because of many implied requirements. Perfection of the
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| − | original situation and the steps is required. Just initial situations are
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| − | required (an impracticality.) And a demonstration of perfect
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| − | justice-maintainance of the steps is required: a step may be just without
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| − | maintaining justice. (This is a big problem: he's making an inductive argument
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| − | withotu showing the critical step.) For example, if it is just to take a
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| − | seat on a bus
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| − | when there is no elderly person present, and it is just for an elderly
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| − | person to enter the bus after that, it is not just to remain in the seat
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| − | after the elderly person has entered. But worse, in real life we can't ever
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| − | have perfect justice of steps or starting situations. So the question is
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| − | whether the steps move us closer or further from justice, and where an
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| − | equilibrium will be reached (if one exists.) The Nozick statement has an
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| − | implied binary logic model which real life doesn't match.
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| − | In addition, this bus example is analogous to the Lockean Proviso.
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| − | "voluntary" is really a remainder of the set of actions. It is actions that
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| − | are not necessary, that are not coerced. But worse, it is not an all-or-none
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| − | category: it is fuzzy. The set of possible actions to choose from is not
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| − | voluntarily created in a general sense: it is created by society. When it is
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| − | restricted by society, and an individual is channelled to a small set of
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| − | choices, is his choice going to be voluntary? Your money or your life?
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| − | Are choices required by earlier "voluntary" choices still voluntary?
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| − | What about choices about coercion?
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| − | Can we profitably use a space model to analyze voluntary?
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| − | Possible axes:
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| − | choices from unlimited to strongly limited
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| − | reversable vs irreversable (or penalty for reversing.)
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| − | uncoerced to heavily coerced
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| − | necessary (breathing) versus unnecessary
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| − |
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| − | Nozick's justice in transfer presumes that the transfer is entirely voluntary,ie. there are no unjust side effects. Levee building, conspicuous protective
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| − | services, etc. all divert hazard to others. The whole legal principle of
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| − | attractive nuisance is based on this.Nozick is attempting to create a pattern of perfection in justice, instead of
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| − | goods. This pattern too fails if voluntary transfers can create any injustice.
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| − | Then people will attempt to create the amount of injustice they want. After
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| − | all, justice too is a good.
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| − |
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| − | Nozick's justice in acquisition is the basis for an inductive demonstration of
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| − | the possibility of a just society. However, induction requires a true
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| − | initial state, something that Nozick blatantly omits.
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| − | There are some published objections of this sort.
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| − | www.american.edu/cas/philrel/pdf/upload/Lucibella.pdf
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| − |
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| − | Nozick simulates mathematical induction (and uses the word induction), without m
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| − | eeting the requirements. Google induction "justice in transfer"
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| − |
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| − | Justice in acquisition tends to ignore opportunity cost: there is not "as much a
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| − | nd as good" afterwards. Whenever price appears, there is not as much or as good
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| − | .
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| | Nozick, Justice, and the Sorites (Jstor) | | Nozick, Justice, and the Sorites (Jstor) |
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| | </pre> | | </pre> |
| − | <!-- DPL has problems with categories that have a single quote in them. Use these explicit workarounds. -->
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| − | <!-- normally, we would use {{Links}} and {{Quotes}}
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| − | {{List|The Entitlement Theory of Justice|links=true}}
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| − | {{Quotations|The Entitlement Theory of Justice|quotes=true}}
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